Inclusion Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is an Inclusion Cyst?

An inclusion cyst is a small, round lump that forms under the skin. It often feels smooth and can move slightly when touched. Usually, it is not painful. However, sometimes it can become red or swollen. Inclusion cysts are also called epidermoid or epidermal cysts. They are common and can appear anywhere on the body. Most often, they show up on the face, neck, or trunk. Although these cysts are not dangerous, they can be bothersome or unsightly.

Common Causes of Inclusion Cysts

Inclusion cysts form when skin cells get trapped under the surface. Normally, these cells move up and shed off. But sometimes, they go deeper and create a sac. This sac fills with a soft, cheese-like material. There are several reasons why this can happen:

Skin injury or trauma, such as a cut or scrape

Blocked hair follicles

Repeated friction or pressure on the skin

Genetic conditions (rarely)

For example, people who shave often or have acne may be more likely to get inclusion cysts. In some cases, no clear cause is found.

Signs and Symptoms

Inclusion cyst symptoms are usually easy to spot. Still, it is important to know what to look for. Common signs include:

A small, round bump under the skin

Skin-colored or yellowish appearance

Soft or firm to the touch

Moves slightly when pressed

May have a tiny opening in the center

Redness, swelling, or pain if infected

Sometimes, the cyst can leak a thick, white material. If it becomes infected, you may notice warmth or pus. However, most inclusion cysts do not cause pain.

How Inclusion Cysts are Diagnosed

Doctors can usually diagnose an inclusion cyst by looking at it. They may ask about your symptoms and how long the lump has been there. In most cases, no special tests are needed. However, if the cyst looks unusual or grows quickly, your doctor may suggest further tests. These can include:

Physical exam of the lump

Ultrasound to see inside the cyst

Biopsy, where a small sample is tested in a lab

These steps help rule out other skin problems. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, most inclusion cysts are harmless and easy to identify.

Treatment Options for Inclusion Cysts

Many inclusion cysts do not need treatment. But if the cyst is painful, infected, or bothersome, there are several options. Inclusion cyst treatment may include:

Warm compresses to reduce swelling

Draining the cyst by a doctor

Minor surgery to remove the cyst (inclusion cyst removal)

Antibiotics if the cyst is infected

It is important not to squeeze or pop the cyst at home. Doing so can cause infection or scarring. Only a trained healthcare provider should remove a cyst. In some cases, the cyst may come back after removal.

Prevention and Self-Care Tips

While you cannot always prevent inclusion cysts, some steps may help lower your risk. Try these self-care tips:

Keep your skin clean and dry

Avoid picking or squeezing bumps

Use gentle skin care products

Protect your skin from cuts and scrapes

See a doctor for any unusual lumps

For people living in humid or hot areas, keeping the skin cool and dry is especially helpful. This can reduce the chance of blocked pores.

When to See a Doctor

Most inclusion cysts are not serious. However, you should see a doctor if:

The cyst becomes red, swollen, or painful

You notice pus or drainage

The cyst grows quickly or changes shape

You have a fever or feel unwell

The lump does not go away

Early treatment can prevent problems. If you notice a lump or unusual growth, consult a specialist at Sri Lakshmi Hospital for personalized guidance.